Phenology and self-(in)compatibility of some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) promising genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.

10.22092/cbj.2023.360951.1076

Abstract

Self-incompatibility and late spring frosts are the most important limiting factors in Asian apricot
(Prunus armeniaca L.) production. Therefore, it is important to develop late-blooming and self-compatible genotypes in apricot breeding programs in order to increase yield, and in some cases to eliminate the need for pollinizers. This study was carried-out to evaluate the phenology and self-(in)compatibility in cv. Shahroudi and twenty-five apricot promising genotypes under Karaj environmental conditions during 2019-2020 growing seasons. Apricot genotypes flowered from early to late March (3rd to 26th March), and fruits harvested from early to late June. Genotype 499 was identified as a late blooming genotype. In vitro pollen germination varied from 0.0 to 74.0%, and showed no correlation with fruit set. Fruit set studies showed 17 genotypes were self-compatible (fruit set of 5.2 to 44.2%). The fluorescent microscopic examinations of the pollen tube growth in the style confirmed 11 genotypes as self-compatible, with at least one pollen tube reaching the ovary. Combining the results of the three primers designed from the first and second Prunus S-RNase introns, 11 S-alleles were identified, among which S6, Sc and S2 were the most frequent. Two late-bloom and self-compatible genotypes 447 and 534 were selected, and several late-bloom or self-compatible genotypes were identified which can be used in future apricot breeding programs.

Keywords

References

Arzani, K., Nejatian, M. A. and Karimzadeh, G. 2005. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) pollen morphological characterization through scanning electron microscopy, using multivariate analysis. New Zealand. J. Crop Hort. Sci. 33: 381-388.
 
 
Audergon, J. M., Guerriero, R., Monteleone, P. and Viti, R. 1999. Contribution to the study of inheritance of the character self-incompatibility in apricot. Acta Hortic. 488: 275-280.
 
 
Burgos, L., Alburquerque, N. and Egea, J. 2004. Review. Flower biology in apricot and its implications for breeding. Span. J. Agric. Res. 2 (2): 227-241.
 
 
Burgos, L., Egea, J., Guerriero, R., Viti, R., Monteleone, P. and Audergon, J. M. 1997. The self-compatibility trait of the main apricot cultivars and new selections from breeding programmes. J. Hortic. Sci. 72: 147-154.
 
 
Bourguiba, H., Scotti, I., Sauvage, Ch., Zhebentyayeva, T., Ledbetter, C., Krška, B., Remay, A., D’Onofrio, C., Iketani, H., Christen, D., Krichen, L., Trifi-Farah, N., Liu, W., Roch, G. and Audergon, J. M. 2020. Genetic structure of a worldwide germplasm collection of Prunus armeniaca L. reveals three major diffusion routes for varieties coming from the species’ center of origin. Front. Plant Sci. 11: 638.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00638
 
 
Demirtas, M. N., Atay, S., Gokalp, K., Yilmaz, K. U., PaydaşKargi, S., Ercisli, S., Sahin, M., Olmez. H. A. and Altindag, M. 2010. Improvement of late blooming drying apricot varieties by crossbreeding. Acta Hortic. 862: 219-224. 
 
 
FAO. 2021. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize
 
 
Fikret Balta, M., Muradoglu, F., Askin, M. A. and Kaya, T. 2007. Fruit sets and fruit drops in Turkish apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) varieties grown under ecological conditions of Van, Turkey. Asian J. Plant Sci. 6: 298-303.
 
 
Fotirić Akšić, M., Cerović, R., Hjeltnes, S. H. and Meland, M. 2022. The effective pollination period of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars in western Norway. Hortic. 8 (1): 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010055
 
 
Gharesheikhbayat, R. 2010. Self-incompatibility in apricot (Prunus armeniaca); new achievements and molecular aspects of S-locus allele segregation. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Bologna, Italy. 164 pp.
 
 
Gordillo-Romero, M., Correa-Baus, L., Baquero-Méndez, V., Torres, M. L., Vintimilla, C., Tobar, J. and Torres, A. F. 2020. Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Andean capuli (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli): allelic diversity at the S-RNase locus influences normal pollen-tube formation during fertilization. Peer J. 8: e9597. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9597.
 
 
Halász, J., Pedryc, A., Ercisli, S., Yilmaz, K. U. and Hegedűs, A. 2010. S-genotyping supports the genetic relationships between Turkish and Hungarian apricot germplasm. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135 (5): 410-417.
 
 
Halász, J., Pedryc, A. and Hegedűs, A. 2007. Origin and dissemination of the pollen-part mutated SC haplotype which confers self-compatibility in apricot (Prunus armeniaca). New Phytol. 176 (4): 792-803.
 
 
Ham, H. 2009. Apricot breeding. pp. 83-103. In: P. M. Priyadarshan and S. M. Jain (eds.). Breeding plantation tree crops: Temperate species. Springer-Verlag, New York.
 
 
Herrera, S., Lora, J., Hormaza, J. I., Herrero, M. and Rodrigo, J. 2018. Optimizing production in the new generation of apricot cultivars: Self-incompatibility, S-RNase allele identification, and incompatibility group assignment. Front. Plant Sci. 9: 527. https://doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00527.
 
 
Imani. A., Goudarzi, H., Miri, S. M. and Zinalabdini, M.  2014. Investigation, identification and heritability of S and F alleles and vegetative characteristics in almond hybrids using morphological and molecular (PCR) markers. Modares. J Biotechnol. 5 (2): 29-44.
 
 
Jamshidi, A. R., Imani, A. and Miri, S. M. 2021. Identification of the pollinizer for a new almond genotype ‘Karaj 33’. J. Hortic. Postharvest Res. 4 (4): 521-528.
 
 
Kitamura, Y., Yamane, H., Yukimori, A., Shimo, H., Numaguchi, K. and Tao, R. 2017. Blooming date predictions based on Japanese apricot ‘Nanko’ flower bud responses to temperatures during dormancy. HortSci. 52 (3): 366-370.
 
 
Kodad, O., Halász, J., Hegedüs, A., Messaoudi, Z., Pedryc, A. and Socias i Company, R. 2013. Self-(in)compatibility and fruit set in 19 local Moroccan apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes. J. Horti. Sci. Biotechnol. 88 (4): 457-461.
 
 
Lichou, J., Audubert, A., Jay, M. and Costes, E. 1995. Influence of floral fertility and pollination on fruit drop and productivity of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Acta Hortic. 384: 333-338.
 
 
Lora, J., Hormaza, J. I., Herrero, M. and Rodrigo, J. 2019. Self-incompatibility and S-allele identification in new apricot cultivars. Acta Hortic. 1231: 171-176.
 
 
Mashhadi, Z. and Khadivi, A. 2022. Identification of superior late-blooming apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes among seedling-originated trees. Food Sci. Nutr. 10 (4): 1159-1166.
 
 
McLaren, G. F., Fraser, J. A. and Grant, J. E. 1996. Some factors influencing fruit set in ‘Sundrop’ apricot. N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 24 (1): 55-63.
 
 
Meier, V. U., Graf, H., Hack, H., Heß, M., Kennel, W., Klose, R., Mappes, D., Seipp. D., Stauß. R., Steif. J. and Boom, T. V. D. 1994. Phänologische entwicklungsstadien des kernobstes (Malus domestica Borkh. und Pyrus communis L.), des steinobstes (Prunus-Arten) der johannisbeere (Ribes-Arten) und der erdbeere (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.). Nachrbl. Dtsch. Pflschdienst, 46 (7): 141-153.
 
 
Milošević, T., Milošević, N., Glišić, I. and Krška, B. 2010. Characteristics of promising apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genetic resources in Central Serbia based on blossoming period and fruit quality. Hort Sci (Prague). 37 (2): 46-55.
 
 
Muñoz-Sanz, J. V., Zuriaga, E., López, I., Badenes, M. L. and Romero, C. 2017. Self-(in)compatibility in apricot germplasm is controlled by two major loci, S and M. BMC Plant Biol. 17: 82. https://doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-1027-1.
 
 
Najafi, P., Imani, A., Miri, S. M. and Zinalabdini, M. 2015. Identification and screening of homozygous from heterozygous almond progenies from self-pollinated Touno cultivar using PCR. J. Nuts. 6 (2): 155-164.
 
 
Nekonam, F., Fattahi Moghadam, M. and Ebadi, A. 2010. An evaluation of the states of incompatibility and sterility in four Iranian commercial apricot cultivars. Iran. J. Hortic. Sci. 42: 1-9.
 
 
Oprita, V. A. and Gavat, C. 2019. The behaviour of some apricot cultivars with late blooming in south-eastern Romania. Acta Hortic. 1242: 385-388.
 
 
Oroji Salmasi, K. Miri, S. M. Gharesheikhbayat, R., Pirkhezri, M. and Davoodi, D. 2022. Flowering phenology and self-(in)compatibility status of some apricot genotypes developed from crossing self-incompatible and self-compatible cultivars. Seed Plant J. 37(4): 513-530.
 
 
Oroji Salmasi, K. Miri, S. M. Gharesheikhbayat, R., Pirkhezri, M. and Davoodi, D. 2023. Pomological evaluation and GT-biplot analysis of promising open-pollinated genotypes of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus. 21 (6). (in Press).
 
 
Pinar, H., Ercisli, S., Bircan, M., Unlu, M., Uzun, A., Yilmaz, K. and Yaman, M. 2017. Morphological, molecular, and self-(in)compatibility characteristics of new promising apricot genotypes. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 19 (2): 365-376.
 
 
Romero, C., Vilanova, S., Burgos, L., Martínez-Calvo, J., Vicente, M., Llácer, G. and Badenes, M. L. 2004. Analysis of the S-locus structure in Prunus armeniaca L. Identification of S-haplotype specific S-RNase and F-box genes. Plant Mol. Biol. 56: 145-157.
 
 
Ruiza, D. and Egea, J. 2008. Analysis of the variability and correlations of floral biology factors affecting fruit set in apricot in a Mediterranean climate. Sci Hortic. 115 (2): 154-163.
 
 
Saghai-Maroof, M. A., Soliman, K. M., Jorgensen, R. A. and Allard, R. W. 1984. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81 (24): 8014-8018.
 
 
Shamsolshoara, Y., Miri, S. M., Gharesheikhbayat, R., Pirkhezri, M. and Davoodi, D. 2021. Phenological, morphological, and pomological characterizations of three promising plum and apricot natural hybrids. Taiwania. 66(4): 466-478.
 
 
Shamsolshoara, Y., Gharesheikhbayat, R., Miri, S. M., Pirkhezri, M. and Davoodi, D. 2022a. Floral morphology, pollen quality and self-(in)compatibility in three natural Prunus interspecific hybrids. J. Plant. Physiol. Breed. 12 (1). 109-122.
 
 
Shamsolshoara, Y., Miri, S. M., Gharesheikhbayat, R., Pirkhezri, M. and Davoodi, D. 2022b. Morphology and pomology characteristics of four cultivars of Japanese plum and prune (Prunus spp.). Iran. Plant Biotech. 17 (4). 38-49.
 
 
Sonneveld, T., Tobutt, K. R. and Robbins, T. P. 2003. Allele-specific PCR detection of sweet cherry self-incompatibility (S) alleles S1 to S16 using consensus and allele-specific primers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107: 1059-1070.
 
 
Sutherland, B. G., Robbins, T. P., Tobutt, K. R. and Weber, W. E. 2004. Primers amplifying a range of Prunus S-alleles. Plant Breed. 123 (6): 582-584.
 
 
Vilanova, S., Badenes, M. L., Burgos, L., Martínez-Calvo, J., Llácer, G. and Romero, C. 2006. Self-compatibility of two apricot selections is associated with two pollen-part mutations of different nature. Plant Physiol. 142 (2): 629-641.
 
 
Vilanova, S., Romero, C., Llácer, G. and Badenes, M. L. 2005. Identification of self-(in)compatibility alleles in apricot by PCR and sequence analysis. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 130: 893-898.
 
 
Wertheim, S. J. 1996. Methods for cross pollination and flowering assessment and their interpretation. Acta Hortic. 423: 237-241.
 
 
Westwood, M. N. 1993. Temperate-zone pomology: Physiology and culture. Timber Press, Portland, USA. 523 pp.
 
 
Zarrinbal. M., Soleimani, A., BaghbanKohnehrouz, B. and Dejampour, J. 2018. Self- compatibility in some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes. Crop Breed J. 8 (1&2): 49-59.
 
 
Zhang, L., Chen, X., Chen, X., Zhang, Ch., Liu, X., Zh. Ci, H. Zhang, Ch. Wu. and Ch, Liu. 2008. Identification of self-incompatibility (S-) genotypes of Chinese apricot cultivars. Euphytica 160: 241-248.
 
 
Zhebentyayeva, T., Ledbetter, C., Burgos, L. and Llácer, G. 2012. Apricot. pp. 415-458. In: M. L. Badenes, and D. H. Byrne (eds.) Fruit breeding. Vol. 8. Springer-Verlag, Boston.
 
 
Zuriaga, E., Muñoz-Sanz, J. V., Molina, L., Gisbert, A. D., Badenes, M. L. and Romero, C. 2013. An S-locus independent pollen factor confers self-compatibility in ‘Katy’ apricot. PLoS ONE. 8(1): e53947. https://doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053947
Crop Breeding Journal
Volume 13, Issue 2
April 2023
Pages 1-11

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics