Assessment of wide and specific adaptation of irrigated bread wheat elite genotypes for temperate agro-climatic zone of Iran: comparison of AMMI biplot and Pi index

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

2 Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran

4 Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Broujerd, Iran.

5 Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.

6 Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Isfahan, Iran.

7 Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Varamin, Iran.

10.22092/cbj.2025.371349.1100

Abstract

Identifying bread wheat genotypes with high grain yield and yield stability is very important for breeding programs targeting diverse ecologies. This study was conducted to assess the adaptation and yield stability of elite bread wheat genotypes and included two experiments. In the first experiment, 18 promising irrigated bread wheat lines along with cv. Amin and cv. Farin as control, totally 20 genotypes, were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications. In the second experiment, 19 doubled haploid lines along with cv. Amin, cv. Farin, and cv. Radia, totally 22 genotypes, were evaluated. The trials were conducted over two cropping seasons (2020-21 and 2021-22) at five research field stations under optimal irrigation conditions, and three research field stations under terminal moisture stress conditions. Grain yield and bread making quality characteristics were recorded. Considering limitation of combined analysis of variance, adaptation of genotypes was studied only for the second experiment using the AMMI method, while for both experiments, non-parametric ranking (Rank) and the superiority index (Pi) were employed. Considering he results for grain yield, disease resistance and bread-making quality, M-99-15 and MDH-99-10 promising lines with average grain yield of 6.846 and 7.132 tha-1 respectively, were selected using AMMI and Pi index. These two genotypes have been commercially released as cv. Afrooz and cv. Mahlooji, respectively. The results showed that although the Pi index is a strong indicator of grain yield superiority and broad adaptability, its capacity to determine grain yield stability does not fully match the AMMI model, which provides more accurate view of genotypic responses to environments. The Pi index initially shows the grain yield superiority and could be considered as an indicator for grain yield stability.

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References

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Crop Breeding Journal
Volume 15, Issue 2
September 2025
Pages 21-32

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